How to Read a CBC: Complete Blood Count Normal Values
A calm, cited guide to reading a CBC. Learn complete blood count normal values and how to interpret CBC results for WBC, hemoglobin, platelets, and MCV.
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Read more →Reading lab test results
How to read common tests: CBC, liver and kidney function, blood sugar, lipids, electrolytes, blood gas, ECG and more. Every value is cited to the medical literature.
19 articles
How to Read Liver Function Tests: A Practical LFT Guide
Learn how to read liver function tests: normal ALT AST levels, elevated liver enzymes, and LFT interpretation for hepatocellular vs cholestatic patterns.
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Read more →How to Read Kidney Function Tests: eGFR and CKD Stages
Learn how to read kidney function tests: the eGFR normal range, the KDIGO CKD stages, and why serum creatinine varies by age and sex.
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Read more →How to Read HbA1c and Blood Sugar: A Clear Guide
Learn to read HbA1c and blood sugar results, including the HbA1c diabetes range and normal fasting glucose, with thresholds cited to standard criteria.
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Read more →How to Read Thyroid Function Tests: TSH, T4 and T3
How to read thyroid function tests: the normal TSH range, high vs low TSH, and why T4 and T3 stay qualitative. Educational and cited.
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Read more →How to Read a Lipid Panel: Cholesterol and Triglyceride Ranges
How to read a lipid panel: the standard normal cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride ranges per NCEP ATP III, in one clear reference table.
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Read more →How to Read an Electrolyte Panel: A Simple Guide
Learn how to read an electrolyte panel: normal sodium, potassium, and magnesium ranges explained. Reference ranges vary by lab.
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Read more →How to Read a Urinalysis: A Practical Dipstick Guide
Learn how to read a urinalysis step by step: the dipstick, normal specific gravity, urine pH, and standard reference categories that vary by lab.
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Read more →How to Read an Arterial Blood Gas: A Systematic Guide
Learn how to read an arterial blood gas step by step: normal pH, PaCO2, HCO3, and PaO2 ranges plus a simple acid-base approach.
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Read more →How to Read PT and INR: Prothrombin Time Explained
Learn how to read PT and INR: the normal INR range, what prothrombin time means, and why reference ranges vary by lab.
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Read more →How to Read a CRP Result: Normal Values and hs-CRP Explained
Learn how to read a CRP result: what normal CRP means, why it signals inflammation, and how hs-CRP maps to cardiovascular risk. Ranges vary by lab.
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Read more →How to Read a Basic ECG: an 8-step guide with sources
Learn basic ECG (EKG) interpretation in 8 systematic steps: rate, rhythm, axis, P wave, PR, QRS, ST-T, QT. Includes a normal-values table with sources.
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Read more →What is serum uric acid? How to read a uric acid test result
What serum uric acid is, what a normal level looks like, and how hyperuricemia relates to gout. A step-by-step guide to reading results, cited to StatPearls.
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Read more →What is Ferritin? How to Read a Ferritin Test Result
Learn what ferritin is, normal ferritin ranges by sex, what low and high values suggest, and why inflammation raises it. Cited from StatPearls; ranges vary by lab.
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Read more →What is beta-hCG? How to read a beta-hCG test result
What beta-hCG is, how qualitative and quantitative tests differ, and why levels are read by trend and clinical context, not one cutoff. Educational and cited.
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Read more →What are CEA and PSA? How to read tumor marker test results
What CEA and PSA tumor markers are, their reference ranges, and why an elevated value is not a cancer diagnosis. How to read a result, with cited StatPearls sources.
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Read more →How to Read an ANA Test: Titers, Patterns, and What Positive Means
How to read an ANA test result: what the titer means, why 1:160 matters, how many healthy people test positive, and what staining patterns suggest. Every value cited.
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Read more →How to Read RF and Anti-CCP Results: Sensitivity, Specificity, Seronegative RA
How to read rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP results: what each test measures, their sensitivity and specificity, why a positive RF is not a diagnosis. Every value cited.
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Read more →How to Read IgE Tests: Total IgE, Specific IgE, and Sensitization
How to read an IgE test result: what total and specific IgE measure, why a positive result means sensitization rather than clinical allergy, and what the sources do not state.
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